The number and timing of the doses depends on the type of vaccine administered. The best way to prevent hepatitis A infection is through vaccination with the hepatitis A vaccine. 5-7 Illness from hepatitis A is typically acute and self-limited however, when this disease affects populations with already poor health (e.g., hepatitis B and C infections, chronic liver disease), infection can lead to serious outcomes, including death. 4 An HAV-infected person can be viremic up to six weeks through their clinical course and excrete virus in stool for up to two weeks prior to becoming symptomatic, making identifying exposures particularly difficult. 3 Average incubation of HAV is 28 days, but illness can occur up to 50 days after exposure. ![]() 2 Severe infections can result in cholestatic hepatitis, relapsing hepatitis, and fulminant hepatitis leading to death. Although rare, atypical extra hepatic manifestations include rash, pancreatitis, renal disease, arthritis, and anemia. 1 Symptoms include fever, fatigue, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, dark urine, clay-colored bowel movements, joint pain, and jaundice. The primary means of hepatitis A virus (HAV) transmission in the United States is typically person-to-person through the fecal-oral route (i.e., ingestion of something that has been contaminated with the feces of an infected person). ![]() Hepatitis A infection is a vaccine-preventable illness. This Health Alert Network (HAN) Advisory alerts public health departments, healthcare facilities, and programs providing services to affected populations about these outbreaks of hepatitis A infections and provides guidance to assist in identifying and preventing new infections. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and state health departments are investigating hepatitis A outbreaks in multiple states among persons reporting drug use and/or homelessness and their contacts.
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